Illumination of Theological and Philosophical Thought in Imam Nursi: Enriching the Argument from Divine Providence in Proving the Existence of Allah

Abstract

This study explores the theological and philosophical dimensions of Imam Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s thought by analyzing his contribution to the Argument from Divine Providence and Purpose (Burhān al-ʿInāyah) as a proof for the existence of God. Rooted in the Risale-i Nur collection, the research investigates whether Nursi offered original perspectives that enhance and expand this classical argument beyond its traditional kalām and philosophical frameworks. The study hypothesizes that Nursi’s reformulation of the providential argument brings unique depth and breadth, moving it from a mere proof of the Necessary Existent to a comprehensive affirmation of all pillars of Islamic faith—including prophethood, resurrection, and the afterlife.

Through a critical-analytical methodology, the study examines a wide array of Nursi’s texts, comparing them to earlier approaches by Muslim theologians and philosophers. It concludes that Nursi re-envisioned the argument within a holistic, spiritually infused epistemology that integrates intellect and heart. He presents the universe as a manifest, observable Qur’an that reflects divine wisdom, mercy, and intentionality. His use of this argument confronts modern materialist worldviews by re-establishing a sacred cosmology centered on God’s names and attributes. The study asserts that Nursi’s approach constitutes a significant and novel enrichment of Islamic theology and philosophy.